鼎立统一：“一分为三”的表现形式之一

“一分为三”命题包括鼎立统一。在中国哲学史上,鼎立统一即三足鼎立是有地位的。后来在谈“三”色变的氛围之下,鼎立统一就没有存在的余地了。现在应该充分认识它的哲理性,肯定它的地位、作用和意义,并在实践中加以运用。     

Stammwähler und die opportunistische Wahl parteipolitischer Programme

This article explains political radicalism by the number of voters who are biased towards a party. With little voters biased in favor of a party, this party has to rely more heavily on its programmatic distance to other parties. Because large parties – i.e.: parties with a high number of biased voters – gain votes when they move to the center of the political spectrum, parties with a lower number of voters that are biased in their favor are forced to the edges of the policy space. We draw on a computational model of political competition between four parties in a two‐dimensional policy space to investigate this relationship. We use panel corrected OLS estimates to analyze the data generated by the computer simulation. Our results substantiate the hypothesis of a negative relationship between the number of biased voters and the inclination of a party to adopt a more extreme policy stance.     

转型社会的政治决策：期权博弈与公平均衡解释

在转型社会中,政治决策是拥有主要政治权力的行政主体,与反映主要群体利益的社会主体之间的博弈均衡。现实的各种政治后果可以从考虑期权价值的延迟均衡和抢先均衡来说明,也可以表现为考虑心理动机的“公平均衡”。在如同海峡两岸博弈这样复杂的均衡组合中,作者推论存在可以称为“虚妄公平”的均衡概念。转型社会的各个主体因此必须寻求“真实公平”策略选择,才能实现真正公平的政治决策目标。     

大陆法系缺席判决制度价值取向研究——从缺席判决主义到一方辩论主义视角的考察

缺席判决制度自古罗马时即已有之,从缺席判决主义模式到一方辩论主义模式的变迁反映了缺席判决制度从纯粹作为的一种终结程序的手段和一种惩罚措施转向更加重视程序的正当性即程序公正问题,但就缺席判决制度本身而言,它是为了诉讼的效益而设。     

Searching for Equilibrium: The Tenuous Nature of the Outcome Test

Based on Engel's critique of the outcome test and Persico and Todd's response, the underlying assumptions critical to the outcome test are summarized and discussed. It is argued that many of these assumptions are not met when applied to police search data. The key underlying assumption—the principle of equilibrium—is examined in detail, and several additional concerns are raised. Thereafter, the proper interpretations of outcome test analyses are reiterated, and discussion regarding the types of racial bias demonstrated by these analyses is further explored.     

巨额财产来源不明罪的博弈分析

巨额财产来源不明罪这一罪名自设立之日起,就在刑法理论界和司法实践中引起了广泛的争议,本文试图运用博弈论这一数学方法为工具,通过比较相关当事人的收益在有无该罪名时的变化,分析研究该罪名怎样影响他们最终的决定,结果表明,虽然巨额财产来源不明罪对贪污腐败分子有一定的威慑作用,对反腐倡廉有一定的司法救济作用,但总体来看,由于该罪名客观上减少了司法机关取证的激励,增大了潜在的腐败分子的期望收益,与最初的立法宗旨背道而驰,因此该罪名的设立是弊大于利。     

Philosophy and the resolution of equality conflicts

This article examines Rowan’s discussion of my earlier paper (Messick, 1995). His warnings about the naturalistic fallacy and self-interest are well taken, but they constitute less serious threats to the usefulness of my suggestions than he indicates.     

Social Utility in Ultimatum Bargaining

In this article we will provide an overview of factors that influence the weight that self-interest and equity related motives receive in ultimatum bargaining. These factors are grouped into three main categories: factors relating to the context of the game, factors relating to the parties involved, and factors related to characteristics of the game. Results of the studies are discussed in relation to the concept of social utility. The authors point out possible omissions in the literature—especially the lack of interest for the behavior of recipients—and recommend directions for future research.     

实质公平视角下劳方利益倾斜性保护之法律思考

劳资利益的公平分配需要劳资双方相互制衡.劳动力的不可独立性、不可存储性、个体弱势性等特征,使其在与资方谈判中存在先天的弱势性,需要国家给予倾斜性制度保障.但当前我国存在现有制度难以保障劳动者生存需求的矛盾、劳方与资方抗衡的组织需求矛盾、集体谈判制衡性权利缺失矛盾等法律困境.因此,我国需要从劳方生存保障制度之补足、保障劳动者组织的独立性、赋予劳动者组织的制衡性权利等方面给劳方提供倾斜性制度保护,方能实现企业利益中劳资利益分配的实质公平.